After the storms died down, some people began to wander the wastes, but would return to the crater to trade their scavenged goods. Locked out of the vault, these settlers, including Manya Vargas' great grandfather, simply settled into the crater for protection against dust storms.
Megaton's crater was first settled by a large group of people who either worshiped the undetonated bomb or sought shelter in Vault 101, but were denied access because the vault dwellers were not allowed to leave or let anyone in as part of the vault's experiment.